AMATORICS
Filia
A mental pattern that is responsible for friendliness, interaction with other people, and a sense of trust in relationships. Philia determines the nature of a person's interaction with other people, their ability to maintain connections, independently initiate relationships, or follow them.
In the case of the first leading function, it creates a Realist personality type. Philia and Realism are linked through their influence on relationships between people and on the perception of reality. Realism, in a philosophical and practical sense, implies a conscious and objective perception of the world as it is, without illusions and idealization.
In the case of the first leading function, it creates a Realist personality type. Philia and Realism are linked through their influence on relationships between people and on the perception of reality. Realism, in a philosophical and practical sense, implies a conscious and objective perception of the world as it is, without illusions and idealization.
The concept of Filia (ΦιλίΑ), often translated as "friendship", occupies a central place in ancient thought, especially in Aristotle. In his Nicomachean Ethics, Philia is considered much more than just a friendly relationship. It is a fundamental form of human connection, including the bonds between parents and children, citizens of the polis, comrades in arms and, of course, friends in the modern sense. Aristotle distinguished different types of filia (based on utility, pleasure, and virtue), but considered friendship based on mutual respect for virtue in each other to be the highest form. Such a Filia implies trust, mutual benevolence, equality (or proportionality), community of life, and sharing of values. It is essential for achieving eudaimonia (a full, prosperous life) and is the cornerstone of a healthy society. Philia is not the passionate attraction of Eros, but rather an even, intelligent, mutual-recognition bond.
In Carl Jung's psychology, the term "Philia" is not used as systematically as Eros or Logos. However, the very essence of filia – trusting relationships, partnership, communication based on mutual respect and shared values – is reflected in its concepts. Philia is closely related to the principle of connectedness (Eros), but it adds a touch of equality, camaraderie, and conscious choice based on community. It is important for social adaptation, the formation of a healthy persona, and the individual's ability to establish stable, non-hierarchical connections with the outside world and other people. The ability to live independently reflects the maturity of the individual and his ability to build harmonious, trusting relationships necessary for full integration into society and his own psychological well-being.
Amatorics picks up on this rich heritage by defining Philia as one of the four key patterns and functions responsible for friendliness, interaction, and a sense of trust in relationships. Unlike a passionate Eros, a caring Agape, or a guiding Storge, Philia in Amatorica focuses on horizontal, partnering relationships, the ability to maintain interaction, initiate contacts, and build relationships based on mutual trust and understanding. Filia's position in the psychotype (Ego, Persona, Shadow, Anima) determines how confident or insecure a person is in building friendships, how they perceive trust, and what role interaction plays in their value system. Amatorics, therefore, gives Filia a specific place in the structure of personality, allowing us to analyze its manifestations and dynamics in modern terms.
In Carl Jung's psychology, the term "Philia" is not used as systematically as Eros or Logos. However, the very essence of filia – trusting relationships, partnership, communication based on mutual respect and shared values – is reflected in its concepts. Philia is closely related to the principle of connectedness (Eros), but it adds a touch of equality, camaraderie, and conscious choice based on community. It is important for social adaptation, the formation of a healthy persona, and the individual's ability to establish stable, non-hierarchical connections with the outside world and other people. The ability to live independently reflects the maturity of the individual and his ability to build harmonious, trusting relationships necessary for full integration into society and his own psychological well-being.
Amatorics picks up on this rich heritage by defining Philia as one of the four key patterns and functions responsible for friendliness, interaction, and a sense of trust in relationships. Unlike a passionate Eros, a caring Agape, or a guiding Storge, Philia in Amatorica focuses on horizontal, partnering relationships, the ability to maintain interaction, initiate contacts, and build relationships based on mutual trust and understanding. Filia's position in the psychotype (Ego, Persona, Shadow, Anima) determines how confident or insecure a person is in building friendships, how they perceive trust, and what role interaction plays in their value system. Amatorics, therefore, gives Filia a specific place in the structure of personality, allowing us to analyze its manifestations and dynamics in modern terms.
Description by function
- 1First FiliaIf the Filia is in the position of the first function, then its owner interacts with other people through his own personality. Such a person creates their own Meaning in interaction with other people. He knows perfectly well why he should be friends with this or that person. It is also important for him to establish a relationship in which he will be confident.My friend Maxim says to me-why don't you communicate with people? Why don't you initiate a relationship? Don't be shy, show me that you are interesting! This is how the First Filia manifests itself-it confidently interacts with others. Thinking observes-who is worth being friends with, who is around me. The owner of the First Filia is convinced of his own actions. Communication with others is based on a strong sense of trust. Interact with people just like that? No, you need an excuse and a good reason.
Maxim values a close circle of friends, shows the importance of friendship. Likes to communicate, he has a wide circle of friends. However, for the owners of the First Filia, a huge number of acquaintances is not an end in itself. The first function is semantic, the person decides for himself, depending on personal preferences. After all, having a lot of friends means wasting yourself. They choose valuable relationships, not necessarily material ones, because a time-tested spiritual friendship is no less valuable.
A striking feature of the First Filia is confidence in who can be trusted and who can't. This feeling is very developed. Building relationships based on trust is the main method of communication. They are not particularly interested in the hobbies and characteristics of a particular person – they see your personality in a global sense. They see themselves as the center around which there is a circle of people – the first circle is the closest, the rest of the people are less trusted. This is not a primitive system. They are well aware of what exactly a person can be trusted with. So one person will be given a large sum of money, but they will never trust the secrets of their soul. Only the most dedicated people who have been evaluated many times in the business are allowed to have real thoughts and feelings. For the rest, there is a suitable mask.
Do not think that they often talk about trust – this is a deep unconscious program. On the surface of thinking, the First Filia is expressed as interaction with others. They consciously decide how to communicate, and they may criticize people for not matching their views on this aspect of the relationship. Rarely understand those who lead a closed lifestyle, shy or doubtful in matters of friendship. Such doubts are a reason to clarify the relationship and dot the I's. - 2Second FiliaPhilia in the second position sets up a person for mutual friendship and cooperation. Such a person no longer creates a Meaning and purpose for friendship, he is primarily interested in the process and balance of interaction, like a dance when he goes towards and they go towards him. Such a Filia is able to find a creative approach in friendship, diversify relationships and support the game.The ancient Greeks used the word φιλία to mean friendship - relationships and love. Love for the father is a philopator, love for the mother is a philomator. A curious fact is that Phobia is contrasted with Phobia, fear, or an inexplicable negative attitude towards oneself and others. The wise say that fear means no love. A person is afraid of the unknown, people with whom he is unfamiliar. And Philia gets to know another person, connects people with each other. It interacts with others. Responsible for a sense of trust in relationships. The owners of the Second function have a flexible and mentally balanced Filia.
With the owners of the Second Filia, it is pleasant to communicate, do not dominate the relationship, do not show you the "place". But you can not adjust it, they monitor the balance in the relationship. They interact on an equal footing, if you invest in the relationship, pay attention. An interesting feature is that they give others the right to be themselves, but within the limits of a higher Semantic function. Such people are distinguished by the freedom of interaction with others, a high credit of trust in communication, and the desire to initiate contacts.
They are able to catch the moment when a person needs to be "heard", when a person shares thoughts. They listen and, if they are interested, supplement your speech, get involved in the conversation. For them, relationships are a friendly interaction. They are interested in equal cooperation and the development of mutual interests. It is frustrating if there is no general interaction process.
For the owners of the Second Filia, friendship with people does not come first. This is not the area of self-realization and, importantly, not the area of evaluating relationships. Therefore, they are self-sufficient in terms of relationships, friendly not in a quantitative, but in a qualitative sense. They don't like "snobbish", inactive or hung-up relationships. But they do not refuse to interact with others, because such a life is boring. The best option is to find a business around which interaction with others develops and gradually develops into friendship. - 3Third FiliaPhilia in the third position makes a person dependent on the quality of interaction with others. If people interact with a person unfriendly, express doubts about friendly relations, then the person's self-esteem begins to suffer. The owner of the Third Filia does not often initiate relationships with other people, as he tries to protect himself from uncertainty and bad relationships. But even in a fairly long-term relationship, such a person may doubt the friendship, sometimes lose confidence in the people with whom he communicates.Despite the apparent detachment of the third function, it is quite active and over-professional. Therefore, the carrier of the Third Filia (actually) not so much withdraws from friendship with others, but very much wants it, suffers because of its absence. Especially because of the lack of perfect interaction in the process – all the people around you do not react like this. Learning to accept other people for the Third Filia means learning to partially ignore them, as a result, unfortunately, people cease to exist, which means that the strongest irritant disappears.
As a result, the bearer of the Third Filia looks like a detached and extremely unsociable person. However, as soon as you enter into the process of communication with him, his whole world will suddenly open up, he will reach out to you and want to communicate with you. It looks like a box, you take an action to open it and all the contents of the box are now available to you. They didn't open the box, it just stayed there. Of course, the box is an inanimate object, and the person will still decide how much it can open up to you, but a friendly initiative is most often expected from the outside (and so it is every time).
Any action on Filia is to get to know another person, learn to understand and trust them. And the bearer of the third Filia will talk about themselves - about their hobbies, favorite movies, music. If you show a lively attention to them, you will win their heart - it is really important for them to present themselves. The third Function, being a function tied to a person's self-esteem, always seeks to protect itself, and the active protection of the Third Filia is "let everyone recognize me, then only those who are interested in me will approach me." By discussing "Me" , you can understand how it suits me. And if "I" is not in his life, then he is a bad friend. Passive protection of the Third Filia is expressed in isolation and seclusion. If there is no opportunity to meet people in whose life it would be possible to include "yourself", then the person is disappointed and tends to limit contacts, leaving only the "most recognizable", even if not the most ideal, but time-tested people.
Yes, the box opens easily. You see a closed person in front of you, but once you start a conversation with him, he becomes your friend. However, if you meet him tomorrow, you may be surprised to find that he passed by or did not say hello first, you might think that he is not interested in you. Only you should know what was going on in that person's inner world. Meanwhile, his brain was deciding whether to say hello or not, whether we became friends after yesterday's conversation or not. And if you say "hello" again, he will pretend to greet you as a friend, although if you don't say that word to him, he will pass by. For such a person, everything is very simple if there is a formal relationship – "manager and subordinate"," native person","friend from childhood".
Why can even close relatives for such a person be unrelated and seem like strangers? Why can't even the most loyal friend ever gain credibility? And the most beloved woman for him will never become a real wife? What is the reason for this strange behavior? Theoretically, the Third Phylum suggests that in a given person, recognition, as a mental process located at the junction of memory, thinking and perception and consisting in the ability of perception to quickly interpret images as already familiar, is interrupted due to a lack of attention, which is taken away by higher functions of the psyche.
Therefore, if such a person is subject to violations of recognition of others, as well as people themselves to varying degrees give him signals about the recognition of his personality, then this function signals the human body about an existing problem, and such a person experiences anxiety at this moment, which just makes him think about what is happening with the relationship."that's not right. Hence his frequent requests to others – as far as they know him, the presentation of themselves and their own ideas.
However, the situation is complicated by the fact that the protection of self-esteem does not go directly through the third function, but through the second-their own creativity, so such a person will rarely ask- " do you know me?", or will rarely present themselves directly. This process will go through the expression and creation of your creativity, through the second function. For example, the Second Storge will actively teach others, while at the same time observing out of the corner of their eye how much they trust, know and are ready to interact with them. When this happens, a person may look extremely active, two of his procedural functions work at once, he may experience euphoria, excitement. And such a reaction then goes either to pleasant feelings of self-recognition in this relationship, or strong apathy in connection with its rejection and alienation.
Why is there a conflict between the First and Third Filia? The first Filia knows a person for herself, knows what it is convenient for her to know, she is passive, she does not care about situational moments, she needs to know about others only what can give a person a result. Therefore, when communicating, the bearer of the First Filia is naturally sure of who he knows, which, however, is completely different from what the bearer of the Third Filia knows about himself – he is more complex, deeper, more real than what the First Filia describes to him. And for the Third Filia, such revelations are a great disappointment. Not only did they not get to know him properly, but at the same time they learned not the main thing at all, but something that somehow interests them very little at this situational moment. The third Filia wants to be recognized in this particular situation, and not in general, not in general. - 4Fourth FiliaFilia in the fourth position allows a person to easily interact with others. But the owner of such a Filia often follows other people in friendship, especially those who insist on it, approve it. It can be difficult for the owner of such a Filia to maintain stable friendships.It seems that they don't need friendship. In some surprising way, they are content with what they have. You may also get the impression that they are not selective about who they interact with. They can be friends with very different people, but they do not maintain a stable connection. They are quite free in communication and sometimes it is discouraging. They make friends so easily, it's confusing. The connection with them, that is, then it is not.
There is no sense that their friendship is binding. It's not that they don't think about you, it's just that for the most part, they're waiting for you to make a move. If you are away for a long time, they will express dissatisfaction with the fact that you have disappeared somewhere. Friendship is what they want in a relationship. They can create it themselves, only in a small portion, they will share this portion with you in order to get something much more – your friendship, the friendship that you will create yourself, namely a confident and serious impulse of it.
It happens that they refuse to interact with others and go about their own business. They have no time for friendship. For the most part, they prefer to spend time alone. It is difficult for them to come up with a common process and game with you. It will be better if you offer them a pastime. This doesn't mean they don't have the initiative, they just want to know what interests you personally. If you are really interested in movies, they will invite you to the cinema, if you are skiing, they will invite you to go skiing.
But there is also something special. They may not take your interests into account, go ahead and offer something completely unusual for you, but rather more suitable for themselves! But if they realize that they did the wrong thing, it will be a disappointment for them. This will mean that the relationship with you is not so good, because it does not have what they want to get. Therefore, to bring them back into friendship, you will have to build bridges and contacts with them again.
Scientific base
Philia, as a fundamental type of love and attachment, has long been actively studied in various scientific disciplines, including psychology, sociology, anthropology and neuroscience. There is an extensive body of scientific research, accumulated over decades, that explores friendly love (Philia), including their psychological mechanisms, social manifestations, evolutionary roots, and neurobiological foundations.
Scientific literature:
1. Neural correlates:
The neural correlates of social connection: an fMRI study of the perception of social closeness (Morelli SA, Rameson LT, Lieberman MD., 2014). Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.
Abstract: An fMRI study showing that perception of social proximity (proximity to friends, family) is associated with activation of brain regions associated with social cognition (mPFC, TPJ) and the reward system (VTA, striatum).
Keywords: social connection, social closeness, fMRI, mPFC, TPJ, VTA, striatum, reward system.
Friends vs. Strangers: An fMRI Study of Social Proximity (Fareri, D. S., & Delgado, M. R., 2014). Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.
Abstract: An fMRI study examined the difference in neural responses to interactions with friends and strangers.
Keywords: fMRI, friends, strangers, social proximity, reward system, trust.
Friendship and the Banker: An fMRI Study of Trust Development in Social Exchange (King-Casas B, et al., 2005). Science.
Abstract: Studying the dynamics of trust.
Keywords: fMRI, trust, social exchange, insula, caudate nucleus.
2. Neurochemical patterns:
The neurochemistry of social bonding, social dysfunction, and therapeutic approaches to enhancing social behavior (Insel TR., 2010). CNS Spectrums.
Review: A review article examining the role of oxytocin and vasopressin in social behavior, including the formation of friendships and social attachment. The potential of therapeutic use of oxytocin for improving social interaction is discussed.
Keywords: oxytocin, vasopressin, social bonding, social behavior, autism, social anxiety disorder.
Social Interaction Reward: A Common Neurobiological Substrate (Trezza V, Baarendse PJ, Vanderschuren LJ., 2010)
Review: Literature review.
Keywords: Social Interaction, reward, dopamine, opioids, oxytocin
Oxytocin and the social salience hypothesis (Shamay-Tsoory SG, Abu-Akel A., 2016). Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences.
Abstract: We discuss the hypothesis that oxytocin enhances the perception of social signals, making them more meaningful, which may contribute to both prosocial and antisocial behavior, depending on the context.
Key words: oxytocin, social salience, social cognition, prosocial behavior, antisocial behavior.
3. Hormonal Patterns:
Oxytocin, vasopressin, and the neurogenetics of sociality (Donaldson ZR, Young LJ., 2008). Science.
Review: A review article examining the role of oxytocin and vasopressin, as well as genetic factors, in regulating social behavior in various animal species, including humans.
Keywords: oxytocin, vasopressin, social behavior, genetics, pair bonding, social recognition.
Salivary testosterone and cortisol in preschool children: Relationships to social behavior and peer problems (Ahnert L, Gunnar MR, Lamb ME, Barthel M., 2004). Child Development.
Abstract: The effect of hormones.
Keywords: testosterone, cortisol, social behavior, peer problems, preschool children.
Social support and the human stress response (Heinrichs M, Baumgartner T, Kirschbaum C, Ehlert U., 2003). Biological Psychiatry.
Abstract: A study showing that social support (having friends) can reduce the level of cortisol (the stress hormone) in stressful situations.
Keywords: social support, stress, cortisol, HPA axis.
4. Biological patterns:
Social buffering: relief from stress and anxiety (Kiyokawa Y, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y., 2014). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.
Review: A review article that examines the phenomenon of "social buffer", when the presence of social partners (friends, relatives) reduces stress and anxiety.
Keywords: social buffering, stress, anxiety, social support, allostasis.
The evolutionary significance of friendship (Dunbar RIM., 2018). Evolutionary Psychology.
Overview: The evolutionary significance of friendship.
Keywords: Friendship, evolution, cooperation, social brain
Friendship and well-being across the life span (Blieszner, R., & Roberto, K. A., 2012).
Abstract: A review of the literature showing the impact of friendship on well-being in the course of life.
Keywords: friendship, well-being, life span, social support, loneliness.
5. Social Implications:
The health benefits of strong social relationships (Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Layton JB., 2010). PLoS Medicine.
Review: A meta-analysis of studies showing that having strong social connections (including friendships) is associated with improved health and reduced risk of mortality.
Keywords: social relationships, social support, health, mortality, loneliness.
Friendship quality and social development (Hartup WW., 1996). Current Directions in Psychological Science.
Abstract: The influence of friendship quality on social development.
Keywords: friendship, quality, social development, children, adolescents
Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses (Cacioppo JT, Hughes ME, Waite LJ, Hawkley LC, Thisted RA., 2006). Psychology and Aging.
Abstract: A study showing that loneliness (lack of close friends) is a specific risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms.
Keywords: loneliness, social isolation, depression, mental health, longitudinal study.
Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology (Portes A., 1998). Annual review of sociology.
Abstract: Literature review.
Keywords: Social capital, networks, trust, norms, sociology
6. Clinical implications of Phylia:
Social anxiety disorder: recognition, assessment and treatment (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2013). Clinical guideline [CG159].
Guidelines: Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of social anxiety disorder (social phobia), which is characterized by fear of social situations and difficulties in establishing social contacts, including friendships.
Keywords: social anxiety disorder, social phobia, anxiety, treatment, CBT, psychotherapy.
Autism spectrum disorder in adults: diagnosis and management (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2012). Clinical guideline [CG142].
Guidelines: Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in adults, with a focus on difficulties in social interaction and forming relationships, including friendships.
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, ASD, social interaction, social communication, diagnosis, management.
Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms (Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T., 2010). Annals of Behavioral Medicine.
Overview: A review article on the effects and mechanisms of loneliness, with a focus on its impact on mental and physical health.
Keywords: loneliness, social isolation, health, mental health, mechanisms.
The neural correlates of social connection: an fMRI study of the perception of social closeness (Morelli SA, Rameson LT, Lieberman MD., 2014). Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.
Abstract: An fMRI study showing that perception of social proximity (proximity to friends, family) is associated with activation of brain regions associated with social cognition (mPFC, TPJ) and the reward system (VTA, striatum).
Keywords: social connection, social closeness, fMRI, mPFC, TPJ, VTA, striatum, reward system.
Friends vs. Strangers: An fMRI Study of Social Proximity (Fareri, D. S., & Delgado, M. R., 2014). Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.
Abstract: An fMRI study examined the difference in neural responses to interactions with friends and strangers.
Keywords: fMRI, friends, strangers, social proximity, reward system, trust.
Friendship and the Banker: An fMRI Study of Trust Development in Social Exchange (King-Casas B, et al., 2005). Science.
Abstract: Studying the dynamics of trust.
Keywords: fMRI, trust, social exchange, insula, caudate nucleus.
2. Neurochemical patterns:
The neurochemistry of social bonding, social dysfunction, and therapeutic approaches to enhancing social behavior (Insel TR., 2010). CNS Spectrums.
Review: A review article examining the role of oxytocin and vasopressin in social behavior, including the formation of friendships and social attachment. The potential of therapeutic use of oxytocin for improving social interaction is discussed.
Keywords: oxytocin, vasopressin, social bonding, social behavior, autism, social anxiety disorder.
Social Interaction Reward: A Common Neurobiological Substrate (Trezza V, Baarendse PJ, Vanderschuren LJ., 2010)
Review: Literature review.
Keywords: Social Interaction, reward, dopamine, opioids, oxytocin
Oxytocin and the social salience hypothesis (Shamay-Tsoory SG, Abu-Akel A., 2016). Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences.
Abstract: We discuss the hypothesis that oxytocin enhances the perception of social signals, making them more meaningful, which may contribute to both prosocial and antisocial behavior, depending on the context.
Key words: oxytocin, social salience, social cognition, prosocial behavior, antisocial behavior.
3. Hormonal Patterns:
Oxytocin, vasopressin, and the neurogenetics of sociality (Donaldson ZR, Young LJ., 2008). Science.
Review: A review article examining the role of oxytocin and vasopressin, as well as genetic factors, in regulating social behavior in various animal species, including humans.
Keywords: oxytocin, vasopressin, social behavior, genetics, pair bonding, social recognition.
Salivary testosterone and cortisol in preschool children: Relationships to social behavior and peer problems (Ahnert L, Gunnar MR, Lamb ME, Barthel M., 2004). Child Development.
Abstract: The effect of hormones.
Keywords: testosterone, cortisol, social behavior, peer problems, preschool children.
Social support and the human stress response (Heinrichs M, Baumgartner T, Kirschbaum C, Ehlert U., 2003). Biological Psychiatry.
Abstract: A study showing that social support (having friends) can reduce the level of cortisol (the stress hormone) in stressful situations.
Keywords: social support, stress, cortisol, HPA axis.
4. Biological patterns:
Social buffering: relief from stress and anxiety (Kiyokawa Y, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y., 2014). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.
Review: A review article that examines the phenomenon of "social buffer", when the presence of social partners (friends, relatives) reduces stress and anxiety.
Keywords: social buffering, stress, anxiety, social support, allostasis.
The evolutionary significance of friendship (Dunbar RIM., 2018). Evolutionary Psychology.
Overview: The evolutionary significance of friendship.
Keywords: Friendship, evolution, cooperation, social brain
Friendship and well-being across the life span (Blieszner, R., & Roberto, K. A., 2012).
Abstract: A review of the literature showing the impact of friendship on well-being in the course of life.
Keywords: friendship, well-being, life span, social support, loneliness.
5. Social Implications:
The health benefits of strong social relationships (Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Layton JB., 2010). PLoS Medicine.
Review: A meta-analysis of studies showing that having strong social connections (including friendships) is associated with improved health and reduced risk of mortality.
Keywords: social relationships, social support, health, mortality, loneliness.
Friendship quality and social development (Hartup WW., 1996). Current Directions in Psychological Science.
Abstract: The influence of friendship quality on social development.
Keywords: friendship, quality, social development, children, adolescents
Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses (Cacioppo JT, Hughes ME, Waite LJ, Hawkley LC, Thisted RA., 2006). Psychology and Aging.
Abstract: A study showing that loneliness (lack of close friends) is a specific risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms.
Keywords: loneliness, social isolation, depression, mental health, longitudinal study.
Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology (Portes A., 1998). Annual review of sociology.
Abstract: Literature review.
Keywords: Social capital, networks, trust, norms, sociology
6. Clinical implications of Phylia:
Social anxiety disorder: recognition, assessment and treatment (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2013). Clinical guideline [CG159].
Guidelines: Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of social anxiety disorder (social phobia), which is characterized by fear of social situations and difficulties in establishing social contacts, including friendships.
Keywords: social anxiety disorder, social phobia, anxiety, treatment, CBT, psychotherapy.
Autism spectrum disorder in adults: diagnosis and management (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2012). Clinical guideline [CG142].
Guidelines: Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in adults, with a focus on difficulties in social interaction and forming relationships, including friendships.
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, ASD, social interaction, social communication, diagnosis, management.
Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms (Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T., 2010). Annals of Behavioral Medicine.
Overview: A review article on the effects and mechanisms of loneliness, with a focus on its impact on mental and physical health.
Keywords: loneliness, social isolation, health, mental health, mechanisms.