AMATORICS
Patterns | Eros | Filia | Agape | Storge |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Neural correlates | Reward system: Ventral tire area (VTA), Nucleus Accumbens, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Areas associated with passion and desire: Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), Insula, hypothalamus. Visual cortex (for visual attraction). | Social brain network: Prefrontal cortex( PFC), temporal-parietal node (TPJ), amygdala (for trust and social perception), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (for social acceptance). Reward system (for social rewards). | Empathy and compassion network: Insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), somatosensory cortex, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Prefrontal cortex (PFC) (for regulating emotions and caring behavior). | Prefrontal cortex (PFC): Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) (for planning, decision-making, leadership), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (for social cognition and understanding of others). Areas related to the theory of mind. |
Neurochemical patterns | Dopamine: Feelings of pleasure, motivation, attraction, euphoria. Norepinephrine: Agitation, rapid heartbeat, concentration. Phenylethylamine (PEA): "Chemistry of love", euphoria, high spirits. Oxytocin: The initial phase of attachment, trust. Low serotonin levels: May be associated with obsessive thoughts and focusing on the object of passion. | Oxytocin: Strengthening social connections, trust, security, and attachment. Endorphins: A sense of well-being, comfort, and satisfaction from social interactions. Serotonin: Mood stability, social harmony. Vasopressin (to a lesser extent than for Eros and Agape): It can promote long-term friendships and loyalty. | Oxytocin: A key neurochemical for caring, compassion, maternal love, and altruism. Endorphins: A reward for helping others, a sense of satisfaction from caring. Prolactin: A hormone associated with maternal behavior may play a role in the broader context of Agape. Serotonin: Regulation of prosocial behavior, empathy. | Serotonin: Stability, impulse control, regulation of social behavior, can be important for discreet and deliberate leadership. Dopamine (to a lesser extent than for Eros): Motivation to mentor, achieve goals in leading others. Possibly cortisol (in moderate doses): An awareness of responsibility for leadership, but a chronically high level can be negative. |
Hormonal patterns | Sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen): Libido, sexual desire. Oxytocin: Formation of paired bonds, attachment. Vasopressin (for men): It can play a role in monogamy and attachment to a partner. Cortisol (in the initial stages): Stress and excitement associated with a new attraction. | Oxytocin: Maintaining social connections, reducing stress. Vasopressin: It can contribute to the formation of strong friendships and loyalty, especially among men. Cortisol reduction: A sense of security and comfort in friendships. | Oxytocin: Maternal behavior, caring for offspring, extended to altruistic behavior. Prolactin: Preparing for motherhood, a general sense of caring and willingness to help. Reduced cortisol levels: Reduced stress when helping, a sense of satisfaction. | Cortisol (depending on the context): Moderate levels may be associated with leadership responsibility, chronically high levels may be associated with anxiety and pressure. Possibly testosterone (in men): It can be associated with confidence in the role of mentor and leader. Oxytocin (in the context of caring mentoring): Creating a trusting and supportive environment. |
Biological patterns | The evolutionary mechanism of mating and reproduction: Ensuring procreation. Attachment system: The desire for intimacy and emotional connection, laid down evolutionarily. Genetic predisposition: Individual differences in sensitivity to neurotransmitters and hormones that affect the tendency to romantic love. | Sociality as an evolutionary advantage: Survival through cooperation and social support. Need for belonging: A basic human need for social connections. Genetic predisposition: Individual differences in sociability, friendship, and trust. | Parental instinct: Caring for offspring as a basis for altruistic behavior. The evolutionary advantage of altruism: Strengthening social groups, mutual aid, and species survival. Genetic predisposition: Individual differences in empathy, altruism, and caring. | Transfer of knowledge and experience: An important mechanism for the survival and development of society. Hierarchical social structures: The roles of mentor and leader exist in different social groups. Cultural norms: The value of wisdom, experience, and mentoring across cultures. Genetic predisposition: Individual differences in leadership, learning, and mentoring abilities (may be less pronounced than for other aspects). |
Social implications | Forming couples and families: Eros is the driving force for romantic relationships and starting a family. Cultural norms of romantic love: Expressions of love, courtship rituals, romantic ideals that differ in different cultures. Influence of mass media and popular culture: Images of romantic love in film, literature, and music that form ideas about love. Marketing and the Romance Industry: Using the neurobiological mechanisms of Eros in advertising and sales. | Social cohesion and collaboration: Filia is the foundation for friendships, teamwork, social groups and communities. Social support and Networks: Friends and trusting relationships provide emotional and practical support in difficult situations. Cultural norms of friendship: Rules of friendship, expectations, differences in male and female friendships in different cultures. The impact of social networks: Forming and maintaining online friendships, new forms of friendship and social interactions. | Altruism and charity: Agape is the foundation for selfless help to others, volunteering, charity, and social work. Social justice and equality: Motivation to help vulnerable groups of the population, fight against inequality. Ethics and Morality: Principles of compassion, mercy, the golden rule of morality, based on Agape. Religious and spiritual traditions: Often emphasize the importance of unconditional love and service to others. | Education and mentoring: Storge is the foundation for teacher-student relationships, mentoring, and the transfer of knowledge and experience. Leadership and management: Effective leadership often includes elements of mentoring and caring for subordinates. Social institutions: Organizations intended for leadership, advice, support, and development (education, counseling, and social services). Cultural transfer of knowledge and values: Storge plays an important role in the preservation and transfer of cultural heritage. |
Clinical implications | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in love: Obsessive thoughts about the beloved, compulsive actions related to relationships. Attachment disorders: Anxious or avoidant attachment, difficulty forming healthy romantic relationships. Addiction to love: Pathological need for romantic love, unhealthy relationships. Rejection depression and anxiety: A strong emotional response to rejection in a romantic relationship. | Social anxiety: Fear of social situations, difficulties in establishing friendly contacts. Loneliness and social isolation: Lack of friendships, negative impact on mental and physical health. Autism spectrum disorders: Difficulties in social interaction, understanding social signals, and forming friendships. Trust disorders: Paranoid disorders, distrust of others, difficulties in establishing close relationships. | Burnout syndrome (in helping professions): Chronic stress from over-caring for others, emotional exhaustion. Codependency: Inability to set healthy boundaries in a caring relationship, merging with the needs of another person. Narcissistic personality disorder (in the destructive form of Agape): Caring for others as a way of manipulation and control, lack of true empathy. | Authoritarian leadership style (in the destructive form of Storge): Excessive control, criticism, lack of flexibility. Anxiety and uncertainty in the role of a mentor: Fear of making mistakes, incompetence, avoiding responsibility for leadership. Impostor syndrome (in mentors): Doubts about one's own competence, despite achievements in the role of mentor. Overprotection (in the destructive form of Storge): Excessive guardianship, suppression of the ward's independence. |